Android binary/VM formats:

• https://lief.re/doc/latest/tutorials/10_android_formats.html

• Android Compilation Process and Binaries (APK, DEX, OAT, ODEX, VDEX, ART): https://github.com/connglli/blog-notes/issues/35

• What are ODEX files in Android? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9593527/what-are-odex-files-in-android

• Android Introduces VDEX file [in 2016, but feature arrived in 2019 with Pie?]: https://old.reddit.com/r/androiddev/comments/51ji8d/android_introduces_vdex_file_replaces_dex_files/